A simple response to a very complex question:
Remember...when Rome first started conqouring Europe there weren't 'countries' as we know them today, mostly just a collection of independent city states and tirbes with local warlords.
Romes military training/organization were matched only by her revolutioanry logistic and buracratic systems. They were the first western power to REALLY create a central government that could organize all the local populations under 'one' rule' THis organization created a power so strong that no outside force could realsticlaly conqour it....and is why The Empire only collapsed when it fell in on itself.
The 2 largest factors in maintaining control over conqoured territories....1. they were technologically superior to everybody else and could provide higher quality of lives. 2. after conqouring a city, they rebuilt it, modernized it, and let those people become Roman citizens. Its like this...lets say Russia conqoured America and made sure every American citizen had a flying car, lived with playboy playmates in a Mansion, and were each mult-millionaires (meanwhile, the rest the world stayed its good old self). Would you really be bothered buy the fact that we were conqoured?
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